The right to join together in unions is protected by the U.S. Constitution
Unionizing your workplace isn’t just protected by the National Labor Relations Act — it’s protected by the U.S. Constitution. The First Amendment of the Constitution, which guarantees the freedom of speech, assembly, and petition, also guarantees freedom of association and is recognized by U.S. courts as a fundamental right. The freedom of association encompasses the right of the group to take collective action to pursue the interests of its members. For this obvious reason, the constitutionally protected freedom of association includes unionization and union-related activities.
Additionally, the freedom of association for the advancement of shared values is inseparable from “liberty” assured by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
The right to join together in unions is protected by International Law
Article 23 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights guarantees the right to form and join trade unions. Additionally, the Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work states that collective bargaining and freedom of association are essential rights of workers.
The right to join together in unions is protected by Federal Law
The right to join together in unions is a basic human right protected by the U.S. Constitution and international law.
Your right to unionize is also protected by U.S. Federal Law. Unfortunately, many employers and their high-paid lawyers take advantage of the fact that most Americans aren’t familiar with their rights under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA).
The truth is that the NLRA is not that complicated and a simple understanding of the law and the rights it ensures for working Americans can make a huge difference whether or not you are successful in starting a union.
What is the NLRA?
The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 is a foundational statute of labor law in the United States. The NLRA guarantees the right of employees to organize into unions, engage in collective bargaining, and take collective action. Under the NLRA, workers have the right to self-organization, to form, join, or assist labor organizations, to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and to engage in other concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid and protection.
What are your rights to unionize under the NLRA?
Section 7 of the NLRA guarantees you have the right to organize a union to negotiate with your employer over your terms and conditions of employment. This includes your right to distribute union literature, wear union buttons and t-shirts, solicit coworkers to sign union authorization cards, and discuss the union with coworkers.
Section 8 of the NLRA states that supervisors and managers cannot spy on you (or make it appear that they are doing so), question you, threaten you or bribe you regarding your union activity or the union activities of your co-workers. You can’t be fired, disciplined, demoted, or penalized in any way for engaging in these activities.
Your employer cannot prohibit you from talking about or soliciting for a union during non-work time, such as before or after work or during break times; or from distributing union literature during non-work time, in non-work areas, such as parking lots or break rooms. Also, restrictions on your efforts to communicate with co-workers cannot be discriminatory. For example, your employer cannot prohibit you from talking about the union during working time if it permits you to talk about other non-work-related matters during working time.
There are two ways to have your union recognized: through a democratic election or through voluntary employer recognition.
If a majority of workers wants to form a union, they can select a union in one of two ways: If at least 30% of workers sign cards or a petition saying they want a union, the NLRB will conduct an election. If a majority of those who vote choose the union, the NLRB will certify the union as your representative for collective bargaining. An election is not the only way a union can become your representative. Your employer may voluntarily recognize a union based on evidence – typically signed union-authorization cards – that a majority of employees want it to represent them. Once a union has been certified or recognized, the employer is required to bargain over your terms and conditions of employment with your union representative.
How to enforce your right to unionize
If you believe your rights or the rights of others have been violated, you should contact the National Labor Relations Board promptly to protect your rights, generally within six months of the unlawful activity. You may make inquiries of the NLRB without your employer or a union, or anyone else being informed of the inquiry. A charge against an employer or union must be filed to initiate an investigation; charges may be filed by any person and need not be filed by the employee directly affected by the violations. Employees should seek assistance from the nearest Regional NLRB office, which can be found by clicking “Contact NLRB” above. It is illegal for an employer or union to retaliate against employees for filing charges or participating in NLRB investigation or proceedings.
If the NLRB determines that your rights have been violated by an employer or a union, you may be awarded appropriate remedial relief. For example, if an employer has unlawfully fired an employee, the NLRB may order the employer to rehire the employee and to pay the employee lost wages and benefits. Likewise, if a union’s unlawful conduct has caused an employee to lose a job, the NLRB may order the union to seek the employee’s reinstatement and to make the employee whole financially. In all cases, the NLRB seeks to undo as much as possible the effects of whatever unlawful conduct has occurred, including by ordering the employer or union to stop violating the law and to post a remedial notice informing employees of their rights under the National Labor Relations Act.
Captive audience meetings are unlawful
In November of 2024, the NLRB issued a decision which significantly impacts the way employers can communicate with employees during a union election. The Board ruled that requiring employees to attend meetings where the employer expresses its views on unionization violates the National Labor Relations Act.
Previously, employers were permitted to hold mandatory captive audience meetings to discuss their stance on unionization. However, the NLRB has acknowledged what workers have known all along – that such meetings create an atmosphere of coercion and interfere with employees’ right to freely choose whether or not to join a union.
The NLRB recognizes that employers retain the right to express their views on unionization. However, to ensure a fair and balanced election process, the following guidelines must be followed:
- Employees must be provided reasonable advance notice of the meeting’s subject.
- Attendance at the meeting must be voluntary, with no negative consequences for choosing not to attend.
- No attendance records of the meeting can be kept.
